Effect Of Parental Socioeconomic Status Research Articles

Exploring the Effects of Parental Socioeconomic Status on Educational Attainment of Special Needs Students at University Level

The study titled as “exploring the effects of parental socioeconomic status on educational attainment of special needs students at university level”. This study was completed by using Survey research method. The main objective of this research was to explain socio-economic status of parents and its effects on the educational attainment of special needs students. In this research questionnaire was used as a tool of data collection. Research tool for collection of data was created by using Likert scale. The data regarding all special students in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahauddin Zakriya University Multan, and University of Sargodha as (universe of study) under study was taken from universities’ website. In this research researcher used convenient sampling technique for data collection. Findings of this study show that majority of respondents agreed that student of high socio economic class get better facilities as compare to low class students. 

The moderator effect of socioeconomic status on the relationship between parental financial teaching and financial literacy

The primary aim of this research was to investigate the potential moderating effect of parental Socioeconomic status (SES) on the association between parental financial education and the financial literacy of young black African individuals. Financial literacy was measured through financial knowledge, financial behaviour, financial attitudes, and financial decision-making. Parental SES was measured by parental income. A quantitative approach was adopted for this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from young adults in South Africa. Moderated regression analysis was used to analyse data. The results showed that parental income did not moderate the relationship between parental financial teaching and financial decision-making. Furthermore, the results indicated that parental income moderated the relationship between parental financial teaching and financial knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial attitude. Therefore, the overall results indicated that the relationship between parental financial teaching and financial literacy is moderated by parental SES.  This study represents one of the initial attempts to examine the moderated association between parental financial instruction, financial literacy, and parental socioeconomic status (SES). Government must improve parental SES as it influences parental financial teaching and financial literacy. This study concluded that parental SES is important as it moderates the relationship between parental financial teaching and financial literacy.

Effect of Parental Socio-Economic Status on the Performance of Senior High School Students in the Sefwi Wiawso Municipality in Ghana

The study examined the effects of parental socio-economic status on the performance of Senior High School students in Ghana using the Sefwi Wiawso Municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana as the case. Descriptive survey research design was employed for the study. The target population of the study was 960 second-year students from four senior high schools in the Sefwi Wiawso Municipality. Using a formula, the sample of 203 students was determined. The study found out that parents’ income has effect on students’ performance. The findings showed a significant effect of educational level of parent on students’ performance as well. Furthermore, a significant relationship between parents’ occupation and students’ performance was established. The study found that family environment has a positive relationship with the performance of students. The study also found a significant influence of socio-economic status of parents on students’ self-motivation for learning. It also revealed a significant influence of socio-economic status of parents on students’ performance. It is recommended that the government of Ghana should consider initiating policies that would empower parents, especially those in the areas where poverty level is high, for them to be able to take good care of their children in school.

Differential effects of parental socioeconomic status on cortical thickness in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls

ObjectivesWidespread changes in cortical thickness (CT) have been repeatedly reported in schizophrenia (SZ). The nature of the pathophysiologic process underlying such changes remains to be elucidated. The aims of the present study were to measure the CT; evaluate parent socioeconomic status (pSES), childhood trauma (ChT) and premorbid adjustment (PA) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs); and investigate group differences in CT (i.e., SSD vs. healthy controls (HCs)), pSES, PA, and/or ChT, as well as the interactions among these factors. Methods164 patients with SSD and 245 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls have participated. The pSES, ChT and PA were evaluated using Korean version of Polyenvironmental Risk Score, Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form and Premorbid Adjustment Scale, respectively. Vertex-wise measure of CT was estimated using the FreeSurfer. To investigate the main effects and interactions, multilevel regression was employed. ResultsWe found widespread cortical thinning in patients with SSDs compared to HCs. The cortical thinning was associated with ChT, symptom severity and chlorpromazine equivalent dose and duration of illness in patients. In multilevel regression, main effects of group and pSES and interaction between group and pSES were found whereas a significant interaction between ChT and CPZ equivalent was found in patients. ConclusionOur findings indicate that compared to HCs, patients with SSDs have cortical structural abnormalities, and that group and pSES interaction determines CT. Further studies are needed to explore the effects of psychosocial factors on brain structural and functional abnormalities in SZ.

Parental socio-economic status on academic achievement of learners with hearing impairment in Biology in selected schools in Lagos state, Nigeria

INTRODUCTION: This research work was carried out to investigate parental socioeconomic status as a determinant of academic achievement of learners with hearing impairment in biology of some selected schools in Lagos state. PURPOSE: The study identified the effects of the educational background, occupation, and income of parents on the academic achievement of learners with hearing impairment in biology. DESIGN: Quantitative research method using descriptive design was used to determine the effect of parental socio-economic status on the academic achievement of learners with hearing impairment in Biology. The population for the study constitute all learners in selected special schools in Lagos state. The total population of the study is 200 learners with hearing impairment. A simple random sample which employed the hat and draw technique was used to select ten (10) males and ten (10) female learners with hearing impairment from each selected school which amount to total number of sixty (60) learners with hearing impairment. A self-designed questionnaire titled “Parental Socio-Economic Status as determinants of Academic Achievement” (PSAA) was used with mean and standard deviation to analyze data. RESULTS: Findings from the study revealed that learners’ academic achievement in Biology is influenced by parental level of education, income and occupation. It was also concluded that there is a direct relationship between parental financial and human capital on the successful learning experience of learners and their academic success in biology. RECOMMENDATIONS: The results notwithstanding, authors recommended among others that Government, multinational companies and public spirited individuals should be able to identify and support intelligent Learners with hearing impairment from low-income parents with a view to boosting their academic achievement.

Multilevel modelling approach to analysing life course socioeconomic status and understanding missingness

This paper investigated the extent to which parental socioeconomic status was associated with life course socioeconomic status heterogeneity between adult cohort members of the 1958 National Child Development Study and how this association differed depending on methods used to address longitudinal missing data. We compared three variants of the full information maximum likelihood approach, namely available case, complete case and partially observed case and two methods designed to compensate for missing at random data, namely multilevel multiple imputation and multiple imputation chained equations. Our results highlighted the important contribution of parental socioeconomic status in explaining the divergence in achieved socioeconomic status over the adult life course, how the available case approach increasingly overestimated socioeconomic attainment as age increased and survey sample size decreased and how the complete case approach downwardly biased the effect of parental socioeconomic status on adult socioeconomic status.

Prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of growth impairment among Saudi children and adolescents.

Background:Saudi Arabia has witnessed economic prosperity leading to changes in diet and lifestyle. Concurrent with these changes, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity are rising. No recent data exist on the trends and pattern of growth impairment among Saudi children. We aimed to provide the most recent estimate of the prevalence of thinness and short stature among healthy school-aged children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to investigate the effect of parental socioeconomic status (SES) on growth impairment.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 among schoolchildren in Riyadh. A sample of 7931 children (67% girls) aged 6–16 years was randomly selected. Body mass index (BMI) z-score <−2 SD and height z-score <−2 SD, for age and sex, using the WHO reference 2007, defined thinness and short stature, respectively. To assess the impact of SES on growth, we categorized SES into 4 levels by incorporating 4 main indicators: parents’ educational level, family income, type of residence, and parents’ jobs.Results:The prevalence of short stature was 15%, and the prevalence of thinness was 3.5%. Stratification of the thinness prevalence rate according to gender indicated that boys were significantly thinner than girls (4.7% versus 2.8%, P = 0.048). Short stature was significantly higher among children in the lower SES classes than among their counterparts in the higher SES classes. Parents of thin children were more likely to be less educated, have less income, live in apartments, and have a lower SES than parents of overweight and obese children.Conclusions:The rate of thinness among Saudi children is low, similar to that in developed countries, and is significantly correlated with SES.

Fathers’ socioeconomic status and Children’s developmental outcomes: The role of parental depressive symptoms and parent-child interactions

This study aims to explore the effects of parental socioeconomic status (SES) on children’s developmental outcomes (e.g., peer relationship, happiness, and depression). Additionally, the mediating roles of parental depressive symptoms and parent-child interactions (PCIs, including both positive and negative PCI) are also of particular interest. A secondary data analysis of the 2014 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) is conducted, using data of 863 mainland China’s families. The results indicate child developmental outcomes are majorly associated with father’s SES, through two different mediating paths. The first one is father’s reported depression plays a mediating role in the relation between his SES and children’s developmental outcomes. In the second path, the effect of father’s SES on children’s developmental outcomes is serially mediated by maternal depressive symptoms and PCIs. These results (a) provide evidence for the cultural universality of the family stress model (FSM), (b) highlight distinctive roles of father and mother in family processes, and (c) extend the applicability of the FSM by the investigations of underrepresented variables.

부모의 사회경제적 지위와 양육태도가 고등학생의 봉사활동 참여 시간 및 동기에 미치는 영향

부모의 사회경제적 지위와 양육태도가 고등학생의 봉사활동 참여 시간 및 동기에 미치는 영향

Big Five Personality Traits Predict Successful Transitions From School to Vocational Education and Training: A Large-Scale Study.

Educational transitions play a pivotal role in shaping educational careers, and ultimately social inequality. Whereas parental socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive ability have long been identified as key determinants of successful educational transitions, much less is known about the role of socio-emotional skills. To address this gap, the present study investigated whether Big Five personality traits predict success in the transition from secondary school to vocational education and training (VET) above and beyond SES, cognitive ability, and other covariates. Using data from Starting Cohort 4 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS; N = 4,137), we defined seven indicators of successful transition: obtaining a VET position, number of acceptances for VET positions, starting a VET position, (the absence of) dropout intentions and actual dropout, final VET grade, and satisfaction with VET. The results revealed that some Big Five traits were incrementally associated with several indicators of transition success. Conscientiousness emerged as the single most relevant trait, predicting all the transition success indicators but 1 (dropout intentions). The other Big Five traits had much weaker and less consistent links with transition success. Extraversion predicted the final VET grade and obtaining a VET position; Agreeableness was linked to a higher risk of dropout. Openness and Emotional Stability had no incremental effects on transition success. There was also some evidence for both compensatory and synergistic interactive effects, with Openness moderating mainly the effects of parental SES (on dropout intentions, actual dropout, and number of acceptances), and Agreeableness moderating the effects of cognitive ability (on obtaining a VET position, number of acceptances, and satisfaction with VET). Although individual effect sizes were small, the Big Five’s joint contribution to transition success was non-negligible, and often larger than that of sociodemographic characteristics and cognitive ability. Our results suggest a hitherto underappreciated contribution of personality to successful transitions to VET.

ANALISIS PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA PELAJARAN EKONOMI, STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI ORANG TUA DAN BIMBINGAN BELAJAR (STUDI PADA SMA NEGERI 10 KOTA TANGERANG)

This study aims to determine the effect of parental socioeconomic status and tutoring on students' learning achievement of economic subjects in class XI of the social studies program at SMA 10 Tangerang. The sample in this study were 54 students in SMA 10 Tangerang. This research is ex-post facto research. The variables of this study are economic learning achievement, socioeconomic status, and tutoring. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and documentation. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. From the results of the study, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) socioeconomic status does not affect the learning achievement of Economics subjects which is indicated by a sig value of 0.184 more than 0.1. (2) learning guidance has an effect on economic learning achievement which is indicated by a sig value of 0.030 smaller than 0.1. (3) socioeconomic status and tutoring have a positive effect on economic learning achievement which is indicated by a sig value of 0.046 smaller than 0.1. R2 value of 0.113 means that 11.3% of the learning achievement of Economics subjects is explained by socioeconomic status and tutoring. While 88.7% is explained by other factors not examined in this study.

An Inter-Generational Effect of Socio-Economic Status on Education Attainment in South Africa

Higher socio-economic status (SES) empowers an individual to have more access to a variety of materials relevant to achievements in life than would otherwise be possible. In theory, a child’s educational attainment can be influenced by hereditary and ecological variables; parents’ achievements are prompting children to achieve, or a deliberate investment that parents undertake in their children’s welfare, all suggestive of inter-generational effect in the process. A parent’s SES may therefore play a significant role in the child’s achievements. This paper attempts to determine the relationship between a parent’s SES and a child’s educational attainment and uses South African data collected at the national level. Employing descriptive statistics and OLS regressions, an inter-generational effect of parental SES positively influencing a child’s educational attainment is established. The finding supports policies promoting education as a fundamental poverty and inequality fighting mechanism in South Africa. 

Early-life conditions and health at older ages: The mediating role of educational attainment, family and employment trajectories

ObjectivesWe examine to what extent the effect of early-life conditions (health and socioeconomic status) on health in later life is mediated by educational attainment and life-course trajectories (fertility, partnership, employment).MethodsUsing data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (N = 12,034), we apply, separately by gender, multichannel sequence analysis and cluster analysis to obtain groups of similar family and employment histories. The KHB method is used to disentangle direct and indirect effects of early-life conditions on health.ResultsEarly-life-conditions indirectly impact on health in later life as result of their influence on education and family and employment trajectories. For example, between 22% and 42% of the effect of low parental socio-economic status at childhood on the three considered health outcomes at older age is explained by educational attainment for women. Even higher percentages are found for men (35% - 57%). On the contrary, the positive effect of poor health at childhood on poor health at older ages is not significantly mediated by education and life-course trajectories. Education captures most of the mediating effect of parental socio-economic status. More specifically, between 66% and 75% of the indirect effect of low parental socio-economic status at childhood on the three considered health outcomes at older age is explained by educational attainment for women. Again, higher percentages are found for men (86% - 93%). Early-life conditions, especially socioeconomic status, influence family and employment trajectories indirectly through their impact on education. We also find a persistent direct impact of early-life conditions on health at older ages.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that early-life experiences influence education and life-course trajectories and health in later life, suggesting that public investments in children are expected to produce long lasting effects on people’s lives throughout the different phases of their life-course.

Perceived Effects of Parental Socio-economic Status on Students' Academic Performance among Teachers in Odeda Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria

This study aims at studying perceived effects of parental socio-economic status on students' academic performance, among teachers in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State. Descriptive survey research design was used in which data from 200 respondents were collected through a self-designed questionnaire which comprised of two sections, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version. Three null hypotheses were formulated and tested using Chi-square statistical. Findings revealed that parental socio-economic status, educational level and family size may have a significant relationship with the academic performance of students. Therefore, it is recommended that government should provide some incentives that will encourage more students to enroll for formal education, such as scholarships, provide free transportation to school for students, establish schools for adult education and encourage couples to imbibe family planning.

Estimating direct effects of parental occupation on Spaniards\u2019 health by birth cohort

BackgroundSocial health inequalities in adult population are partly due to socioeconomic circumstances in childhood. A better understanding of how those circumstances affect health during adulthood may improve the opportunities for reducing health disparities. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of parental socioeconomic status, which is proxied by occupation, on adult Spaniards’ health by birth cohort. The analysis will allow checking not only the direct impact of parental occupation on their offspring’s health, but also whether inherited inequality has been reduced over time.MethodsWe use data from the Bank of Spain’s Survey of Household Finances on Spanish households from 2002 to 2008. Sequential models were used to estimate the influence of the father’s and mother’s occupation on their offspring’s health, trying to disentangle direct from indirect effects. With a sample of 26,832 persons we consider effects for four different cohorts by birth periods ranging from 1916 to 1981.ResultsThe results show that parental occupation has a significant direct impact on individuals’ health (p < 0.01). The effect of father’s occupation exceeds that of mother’s. For those born before 1936, the probability of reporting a good health status ranges from 0.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–0.48), when fathers were classified as unskilled elementary workers, to 0.98 (95% CI 0.98–0.99) when they were managers or mid-level professionals. For those born during the period 1959–1975, those probabilities are 0.49 (95% CI 0.39–0.59) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.96–0.98), respectively. Therefore, health inequalities linked to parental socioeconomic status have been noticeably reduced, although discrimination against unskilled workers persists over time.ConclusionsGreat progress has been made in the health area during the twentieth century, so that the impact of parental socioeconomic status on individuals’ health has been significantly tempered for those at the bottom of the social scale. However, more efforts focused on the improvement of living conditions for most socioeconomically disadvantaged are needed in order to further reduce social inequalities in health.

Parental socioeconomic status and binge drinking in adolescents: A systematic review.

Binge drinking is a phenomenon of excessive alcohol use seen in many countries. The objectives of this systematic review are a) to investigate the effect of parental socioeconomic status on binge drinking in adolescents, b) to compare how binge drinking and parental socioeconomic status was measured across studies, and c) to compare the differences between developed and developing countries. We searched PsycINFO and Ovid Medline databases for articles up to January 2016. Parental socioeconomic status is defined as household income, parental educational level, and parental occupational status. Binge drinking is defined as at least 4/5 alcohol drinks on a single occasion. Four hundred and fourteen articles were granted from the databases search with an additional 28 articles were hand-searched through bibliographies. After abstracts and full-text were reviewed, a total of 20 studies have met inclusion criteria for this systematic review. In developed countries, included studies were done in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, France, Netherlands, Hong Kong, and Canada. In developing countries, included studies were done in China and Brazil. The majority of studies find no relationship between parental socioeconomic status and binge drinking in adolescents. However, studies that were done in developing countries yielded a weak positive association when no such association was found in developed countries. The variation on measuring binge drinking and parental socioeconomic status is discussed. These findings may inform healthcare systems in prevention and intervention for binge drinking among adolescents (Am J Addict 2016;25:610-619).

Parental Socio-Economic Status and Students’ Engagement in Child Labour: Implication for Counselling

This study examines the Parental Socio-Economic Status on Students’ Engagement in Child Labour. A structured questionnaire was designed and administered participants using simple random sampling techniques. 200 questionnaire were distributed and the data collected was analyse using correlation, regression and analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 level The result of the findings showed that there is a significant effect of parental socio-economic status on child labour practice. Also, findings also indicated that there is no significant effect of parental income status on child labour practice. In addition, the result also showed that there is no significant effect of parental education on child labour practice.  Not only has that, findings also indicated that there is no significant effect of parental occupation on child labour practice. Consequently, the findings of this study indicated that there is a significant relationship between child labour practice and student’s achievement. Based on the above, it is thus recommended that the economic situation of the country needs to be revamped so as to enhance the standard of living of the citizenry. Not only that, law should be enacted mandating all school-age children not to be found hawking during school hours.  More so, Federal Government should, as a matter of urgency, ensure that the child right law is made operational and effective in all states of the federation, while attempts should be made to redistribute the national wealth such that a greater percentage is directed at taking care of citizen’s welfare. Also, Governmental and non-governmental organizations should also endeavour to create care centres for the children of the destitute and the less privileged and Government and corporate bodies should create more jobs which will alleviate poverty, and the National Assembly must ensure that a social security bill is passed into law.

The impact of familial, behavioural and psychosocial factors on the SES gradient for childhood overweight in Europe. A longitudinal study.

In highly developed countries, childhood overweight and many overweight-related risk factors are negatively associated with socioeconomic status (SES). The objective of this study is to investigate the longitudinal association between parental SES and childhood overweight, and to clarify whether familial, psychosocial or behavioural factors can explain any SES gradient. The baseline and follow-up surveys of the identification and prevention of dietary and lifestyle induced health effects in children and infants (IDEFICS) study are used to investigate the longitudinal association between SES, familial, psychosocial and behavioural factors, and the prevalence of childhood overweight. A total of 5819 children (50.5% boys and 49.5% girls) were included. The risk for being overweight after 2 years at follow-up in children who were non-overweight at baseline increases with a lower SES. For children who were initially overweight, a lower parental SES carries a lower probability for a non-overweight weight status at follow-up. The effect of parental SES is only moderately attenuated by single familial, psychosocial or behavioural factors; however, it can be fully explained by their combined effect. Most influential of the investigated risk factors were feeding/eating practices, parental body mass index, physical activity behaviour and proportion of sedentary activity. Prevention strategies for childhood overweight should focus on actual behaviours, whereas acknowledging that these behaviours are more prevalent in lower SES families.

Effects of parental socioeconomic status on child self-reported health, height, and BMI

Effects of parental socioeconomic status on child self-reported health, height, and BMI

The Effects of Parental Socioeconomic Status on Preschoolers’ Social Competence and Cognitive Development：The Role of Parental Warmth and Home Learning Environment

This study was aimed at examining the paths through which family socioeconomic status as indicated by family income and parental education influenced preschool-aged children's socioemotional and cognitive development through the mediating role of parental warmth and the home learning environment. The study made use of data from 1,080 families who participated in the 5th wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children, when their children were approximately 4 years of age. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that the models, including both parental warmth and the home learning environment did not fit the data well. The effects of warmth on social competence and cognitive development were not statistically significant. The modified models, using the home learning environment as a mediator between family SES and child's developmental outcomes showed that higher level of family income and parental education predicted a more cognitively stimulating home environment, which in turn, predicted a child's greater levels of social competence and positive cognitive development. The social competence of preschool-aged children again significantly predicted their cognitive development. The mediating effects of the home learning environment were statistically supported.